MY PROJECT ON

COMPUTER

1. Define Operator. List its types with examples. 

ANS: Operator are symbols,which are used for mathematical calculations , logical and string          operations.It's type are:

1.Arithmetic Operator 

Example:

PRINT A*B*C , PRINT T$+M$ , PRINT (A*B+(A^2)),etc.

2.Relational Operator

Example:

PRINT 5>3 , PRINT 9<>9 , PRINT 9=9,etc.

3.Logical Operator

Example:

PRINT 7>5 AND 8>7 , 7>8 AND 8>7,etc.

4.String Operator

Example:

PRINT "KATHMANDU"+"NEPAL" , "A"+"B"+"C" , etc.

2.Define Operand. Explain with example.

ans: Operands may be constant values or variables on which mathematical and logical operations take place.For example: PRINT T=7+8 , PRINT A*B , PRINT "ELISHA"+"TAMANG" , etc.

3.Define Expression. List its types with examples.

ans: An expression can be a single string or numeric constant,a variable or a combination of constant and variables with operators.For example: PRINT 6>5 , PRINT A$+B$ , etc.

4.What is Arithmetic Operator? Explain with examples.

ans: An expression,which contains values,variables and operators that return a single numeric value after operations is called arithmetic expression.For example: PRINT 7*6+5 , PRINT (8^2)*(6^2) , etc.

5.Discuss about Operator Precedence.

 Ans: In the presence of more than one operator in QBASIC,  QBASIC follows a certain order for performing the operations. The order in which the QBASIC performs the operation is known as operator precedence or hierarchy of operations.

The operator precedence in QBASIC is:

·        * ()

·        * ^

·         *- (negative)

·         * /

·        * \

·         *MOD

·         *+,-

·         *=

·         *<> 

·         *< 

·         *<=

·         *> 

·         *>=

·         *NOT

·        * AND

6.What is Logical Operator? Explain with examples.

ans: Logical operators are symbols,which are used to combine two or more logical or relational expressions and return a single 'true' or 'false' value.For example:PRINT 7>5 OR 6>8 , PRINT NOT(7>5) ,etc.

7.What is Relational Operator? Explain with examples

ans: Relational operators are symbols,which are used in relational or logical expressions.For example:PRINT 5>3 , PRINT 9<>9 , PRINT 9=9 ,etc.

8.Show the truth table of AND, OR and NOT operator.

ans:  TRUTH TABLE OF NOT operator

   

NOT	Operand	Result
	TRUE	FALSE
	FALSE	TRUE

TRUTH TABLE OF  AND operator

AND	TRUE	FALSE
TRUE	TRUE	FALSE
FALSE	FALSE	FALSE

TRUTH TABLE OF OR operator

OR	TRUE	FALSE
TRUE	TRUE	TRUE
FALSE	TRUE	FALSE

9.      What is String Operator? Explain with examples.

Ans: String operator is a symbol like +(plus) which is used to combine two or more string.For example: PRINT “KATHMANDU”+”NEPAL” , PRINT “ELISHA” +” ”+”TAMANG”,etc.

10.   Write any ten possible conditions or Boolean expressions that exist between A and B, where A=12 and B=13.

Ans:

*A=B

*A>B

*A<B

*A<>B

*A>=B

*A<=B

*A>B OR A<B

*A<B OR A>B

*NOT A<B

*NOT A<B

11.  Define numeric data and string data. Give examples also.

Ans:  All the negative and positive numbers are numeric data.For example:9,11,-45,etc.

String is a text value that consists of alphabets,numbers and other special symbols.For example:”KATHMANDU” , “NEPAL”,etc.

12.  What is constant? List its type with examples.

Ans: Constant are the value which remains fixed during execution of program.

Its types with example are:

*Numeric constant

Example: CONS PI=3.14

*String constant

Example:”XYZ”,”POKHARA”,etc.

13. Define string and numeric constant with examples.

Ans: String constant is a text value that consist of alphabets,digits,symbols and other special characters.For exaple:”XYZ”

Numeric constant is known as all numeric values.For example:122200,450,etc.

14. What is variable? List its type with examples.

Ans: Variable is a identifier or reference or name for memory address and can change the value during execution of program.

It's types with example are listed below:

*Numeric variable

For example:A10,A13%,etc.

*String variable

For example: ADDRESS$=”LALITPUR”, NAME$=”ELISHA”,etc.

15.Define string and numeric variable with examples.

Ans: A string variable is a name or reference or memory location which stores alphanumeric characters. For example: ADDRESS$=”LALITPUR”, NAME$=”ELISHA”,etc.

Numeric variable is a name or reference which stores a positive or negative number.For example: A10,A13%,etc.

16. Write the characteristics of variable.

Ans:The characteristics of variable are:

*A variable name must start with an alphabet (A to Z,a to z).”A10” is a valid variable name.

*A variable name may have 1 to 40 characters in length.

*A variable name should not contain a blank space or special characters other than letters,numbers,periods(.)and the data type declaration symbol($,%,& and!).”A10” is an invalid variable;e name because of it's space.

* A variable name must not start with”FN”, because it is reserved word for the user-defined function.”FNnum” is an invalid variable name.

*Other reserved words or keywords of QBASIC are not allowed to use as a variable name.For example,”LET” is an invalid variable name because “LET” is a reserved word of QBASIC.

17.  List any four rules for naming variable.

Ans: The four rules for naming variable are:

1.      A variable name must start with an alphabet.

2.  A variable name may have 1 to 40 characters in length.

3.  A variable name must not start with FN because it is reserved word in qbasic.

4.    Other reserved word or keyword of qbasic is not allowed to use as variable.

18.  What are the types of numeric variable? Explain with example.

Ans: The types of numeric variable are:

1.      Integer

Example:   n%=125

2. Long integer

Example: a&, amount& etc

3.  Single precision

Example: num!=1234

4.  Double Precision

Example: num#=4567

19.  Define implicit and explicit declaration of variable with example.

Ans:
 
Implicit :

            Declaration of variable at the place of assigning a value to variable is called implicit declaration of variable.

Explicit:

          Declaration of variable before you use it or before assigning data to a variable in a program is called explicit declaration of variable.

20.  Write short notes on Qbasic.

Ans:  
      QBASIC is a high level language developed by Microsoft. In 1985 Microsoft release their own version of BASIC called QBASIC. It was release with MS-DOS 5.0 operating system. It contains two files: QBASIC.exe and QBASIC.hlp.

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